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Aibo – Speilvendt
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Aibo


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En persons kosedyr er en annen persons sexleketøy.

Tekst: Rune Braaten
Illustrasjon: Tina Mee Johnsen

 

Da vi var barn var det antagelig mange av oss som hadde kosedyr. De var kunstige og vi visste godt at kosebamsen ikke var en ordentlig bjørn, men fantasien hjalp oss til å oppleve den som like varm, myk og nærværende som den tøykledde kunstige apemoren i Harry Harlows eksperimenter på slutten av 1950-tallet. På samme måte kan vi føle ømhet for en kjæreste om hun er aldri så full av silikon eller andre kunstige substitutter og stimuli. Mennesket har en trang til å vise omsorg, noe som både sikrer artens overlevelse og leketøysfabrikantens eller plastikkirurgens overskudd.

 

Så hva er vel mer naturlig – og økonomisk innbringende – enn å kombinere menneskets behov for en hengiven lekekamerat med ønsket om å eie noe unikt? Det var kanskje det som var tanken bak Sonys kunstige hund Aibo. Aibo var et fremragende eksempel på hvordan japanske ingeniører kan forvandle plast og kretskort til et vesen vi opplever som nesten like verdt å elske som den slitte, glemte kosebamsen på roteloftet. Aibo var unik i den forstand at den var en fysisk gjenstand som hadde tilstrekkelig med likhetstrekk med en vanlig hund til at vi oppfattet den mer som en hund enn som en plastdings. Aibo var tilstede i vår verden, stort sett veloppdragen og alltid rede til å lystre våre minste vink. Noe av grunnen til Aibos suksess var at kløktig programmering ga roboten en atferd som vi mennesker oppfattet som kompleks og litt uforutsigbar, ikke helt ulikt hvordan en vanlig hund oppfører seg. Den første versjonen kom på markedet i 1999, og etter flere generasjoner ga Aibo fra seg sitt siste klynk i 2006.

 

Kunstige kjæledyr kan tilfredsstille aktverdige behov, som lekekamerater for funksjonshemmede eller sterkt allergiske barn, eller som terapeutiske virkemidler for demente. Teknologien åpner imidlertid også opp for en mørkere side, gjennom å tilby muligheten for å leve ut sine innerste, mest hemmelige og tabubelagte drifter. Kan man lage en kunstig hund så kan man lage et kunstig menneske, selv om terskelen antagelig er høyere for hva vi aksepterer som en realistisk etterlikning. Det forhindret imidlertid ikke saudi-arabiske myndigheter fra å gi humanoidroboten Sophia statsborgerskap, selv om de var noe uklare på hvilke rettigheter hun ville få. Sophia etterlater et inntrykk av å være intelligent uten å være arrogant, og hengiven uten å være like underdanig som en hund – robot eller ekte. Og skulle det likevel være ønskelig å forandre Sophia, er dette mulig gjennom oppdaterte algoritmer. Kort oppsummert er hun den perfekte kone, og langt fra den skrekkvisjonen av en partner som Doktor Frankensteins monster ønsket seg. Sett fra programmererens synsvinkel er det kanskje mer faglig utfordrende å programmere en simulering av kvinnelig atferd, ettersom den generelt oppfattes som mer sammensatt og uforutsigbar enn menns atferd. Sett fra økonomens synsvinkel ville det derimot være mer gunstig å produsere en mannlig humanoidrobot, spesielt dersom man valgte å reprodusere den prototypiske tause mannen med enkle behov og svak evne til emosjonell kommunikasjon. Den kunstige kvinnen Sophia skårer kanskje høyt på intellektuelle ferdigheter, men det er andre typer dukker som aktiverer det limbiske systemet hos menn med sosialt stigmatiserte seksuelle preferanser og en brukerkonto på ebay.

 

Da en mann fra Fredrikstad importerte en sexdukke som var utformet som en småjente, reagerte påtalemakten. Tiltalen var at det var forbudt å besitte «seksualiserte fremstillinger av barn», eller sagt med andre ord: Sexdukker er greit, så lenge de ikke ser ut som barn. Dersom dukken hadde vært utformet som et barn, i mykt og allergivennlig latexmateriale, men uten at den kunne oppfattes som «en seksualisert fremstilling» ville den antagelig gått gjennom tollen uten problemer. Er det jussen eller psykologien som skal definere hva som er akseptabelt? Hva om noen av kjøperne tenner på nettopp det at en dukke ikke er seksualisert, slik at de kan få følelsen, både mentalt og fysisk, av at her kan man virkelig ta jomfrudommen hos den man begjærer? Eller hva om noen lager en seksualisert utgave av søte, lille Aibo? En logrende og hengiven bissevov som kan tilfredsstille behovene til de som tenner på sex med dyr? Ville en slik versjon av robothunden slippe gjennom tollen like enkelt som en Border Collie kan smette under hagegjerdet, eller ville kjøperen bli tiltalt etter en passende lovparagraf? Finnes det noen lovparagraf som rammer seksualiserte fremstillinger av våre firbente venner, enten de kommer fra Hakkebakkeskogen eller en fabrikk i Kina? Vi har lover som forbyr seksuell omgang med virkelige dyr, men er kunstige fremstillinger av en slik aktivitet – eller hjelpemidler for å leve ut slike fantasier – forbudt? Straffelovens paragraf 317 regulerer innførsel, besittelse og utbredelse av pornografi. Loven definerer pornografi slik: «Med pornografi menes i denne paragrafen kjønnslige skildringer som virker støtende eller på annen måte er egnet til å virke menneskelig nedverdigende eller forrående, herunder kjønnslige skildringer hvor det gjøres bruk av lik, dyr, vold og tvang. Som pornografi regnes ikke kjønnslige skildringer som må anses forsvarlige ut fra et kunstnerisk, vitenskapelig, informativt eller lignende formål.» Dyr er nevnt eksplisitt, men er en robothund en «kjønnslig skildring»?

 

Lovgiverne har ønsket å gi barn et spesielt vern. Straffelovens paragraf 311 omhandler seksualiserte fremstillinger av barn, og det er verdt å merke seg at «fremstilling av seksuelle overgrep mot barn eller fremstilling som seksualiserer barn» innebærer et forbud mot både å produsere, anskaffe, innføre, besitte, spre til andre, samt «forsettlig skaffe seg tilgang til slikt materiale» (Straffeloven, 2009). Forbudet mot seksualisert fremstilling av barn er altså så og si altomfattende, mens det for seksualiserte fremstillinger av dyr ikke er noe eksplisitt forbud mot besittelse. Jeg er ikke jurist, men det umiddelbare inntrykket man sitter igjen med etter å ha lest loven, er at en «kjønnslig fremstilling» av Aibo eller Minni Mus vil være lovlig å eie, så lenge eieren kun har den til eget bruk. Antagelig vil den største utfordringen være å unngå advokatene fra Sony eller Disney-konsernet og eventuelle søksmål om brudd på merkevareloven.

 

I slutten av oktober 2017 kunne Sony opplyse at Aibo likevel ikke var død. Han kommer tilbake, i ny og forbedret versjon, men kun tilgjengelig på det japanske markedet. Heller ikke denne nye versjonen vil inneholde funksjoner for seksuell utnyttelse av Aibo, men til gjengjeld kan man for et par tusen kroner kjøpe det kunstige kjøttbeinet Aibone som tilleggsutstyr.

 

Rune Braaten går 7. semester på profesjonsprogrammet i psykologi.

 

Referanser:

Straffeloven. (2009). Lov om straff.  Hentet fra https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-05-20-28/KAPITTEL_2-11#§311

Byford, S. (2017). Sony just announced a new Aibo robot dog.  The Verge. Hentet fra https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/10/31/16588878/sony-aibo-2017-announced-price-release-date

 

Litteratur:

Langfeldt, T. (2015). Pedofili er en mental forstyrrelse. Tidsskrift for norsk psykologforening, 52(11), 988-1000. Hentet fra http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/index.php?seks_id=453705&a=4#m453708

Sony. (2018). Hentet fra http://www.sony-aibo.com


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