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Bobleplast som terapi – Speilvendt
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Bobleplast som terapi


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skrevet av Rune Braaten

Å være miljøbevisst er ikke lenger synonymt med å kle seg i batikkskjorte og befinne seg på siden av det produktive industrisamfunnet. Plasteventyrets skyggeside har for alvor innhentet oss, og barn og unge over hele verden skulker skolen for å støtte opp om klimasaken. Er plast den nye pedofilien? Hva skjer med oss og holdningene våre i møte med «de andre»?

En venninne av meg bruker bobleplast som egenterapi. Hun setter seg behagelig til rette i en god stol og «popper» boblene med fingrene. Hun synes det er beroligende og det gir et forholdsvis stillferdig utløp for den lille hverdagsaggresjonen. Det er i det minste bedre enn å drive med selvskading, men mindre tilfredsstillende enn å skade andre. Så for å bevare husfreden har hun et ukentlig forbruk av bobleplast som burde bekymre barna – ikke fordi de er så opptatt av morens psykiske velvære, men fordi de er opptatt av miljøproblemene all denne plasten skaper.

Dagens barn og unge er fundamentalister når det gjelder plast. Satt på spissen medfører det å være småforbruker av plast et sterkere sosialt stigma enn det å være storforbruker av porno. Å gi blaffen i plastforbruket er det samme som å erklære seg fullstendig likegyldig til verdens elendighet, samt slukke alt håp om overlevelse for kommende generasjoner. Det er ingen som hever et øyenbryn når noen kommer ut av skapet som homofil eller polyamorøs, men å si at man ikke bryr seg om plasten i verdenshavene er jevngodt med sosialt selvmord. Aksept av plasten er den nye pedofilien, og det er forventet at man spiller på lag med miljøet.

«Helvete er de andre» sa Jean-Paul Sartre, og fikk dermed i én kort setning oppsummert hvordan vi mister vår frihet når vi ikke lenger ser oss selv slik vi tror og ønsker at vi er.

«Helvete er de andre» sa Jean-Paul Sartre, og fikk dermed i én kort setning oppsummert hvordan vi mister vår frihet når vi ikke lenger ser oss selv slik vi tror og ønsker at vi er. Ved å definere seg selv gjennom andres blikk blir man en slave av omgivelsenes skiftende luner og den allmenne mer eller mindre gode smak. I motsetningen mellom de andre og meg selv (jeg vil dog ikke driste meg til å si i spenningen mellom helvete og himmel) velger jeg introspeksjonen for å si noe om utviklingen av lagånd. Eller for å omformulere: Jeg trekker meg tilbake i innesluttet bitterhet for å kunne stå imot presset fra andre mennesker.

Screenshot 2019-05-27 at 21.28.17
Illustrasjon: Tina Mee Johnsen

Tuckman lanserte i 1965 en modell for hvordan grupper dannes og hvordan de fungerer:

  1. Gruppedannelsesfasen («forming»)

Deltakerne «snuser»”snuser” på hverandre, noe tilbakeholdende – omtrent som bikkjer som møtes på et gatehjørne. Omgangstonen er preget av en blanding av høflighet og ambivalens, ettersom man enda ikke kjenner hverandre.

1b. Velvillighetsfasen («conforming»)

Denne fasen likner på den første forelskelsens idyll; alt er rosenrødt, man tilpasser seg og bestreber seg på å være positiv.

  1.  Forskjellighetsfasen («storming»)

Etterhvert kommer forskjellene mellom individene mer tydelig fram, og irritasjon og konflikt kommer til overflaten.

  1.  Normdannelsesfasen («norming»)

I denne fasen festner gruppestrukturen seg, og et sett av normer etableres innad i gruppen.

  1.  Samarbeidsfasen («performing»)

Man viser storsinn og aksepterer at ikke alle andre er like smart eller pen som en selv, og kan til og med sette pris på det at man er forskjellige. Man tør å være uenige, og sterke relasjoner og allianser dannes.

Kildesorteringsentusiastene bestod tidligere av en mindre gruppe individer, til dels på utsiden av samfunnet. De gikk med batikkskjorter og var medlemmer av organisasjoner med navn som «Framtiden i våre hender» og lignende fellesskapsorienterte sammenslutninger. Kort sagt hadde disse idealistene organisert seg etter Kardemommelovens prinsipper og var en slags pre-veganere. Samholdet i denne gruppen var sterkere enn det man opplever i en Ludo-turnering på hyttetur med familien, og det var fremdeles håp for menneskeheten. Dessuten var det etablert en omgangstone som tilsa at det var større aksept for å si noe rart enn noe slemt.

I løpet av de siste årene har miljøforkjemperne endret seg fra å være en mindre gruppe, nærmest på siden av det produktive industrisamfunnet, til å bli mainstream. Miljøaspektet er blitt så common sense at man ikke engang trenger noen sterk forgrunnsfigur for å fronte saken lenger. Dersom alle er så enige at det ikke lenger trengs noen leder, er det tilsvarende vanskelig å komme seg i posisjon som Kamerat Napoleon. Gruppen som helhet fyller på sett og vis lederfunksjonen, og ivaretar oppgaveorientering og relasjonsorientering (Yukl, 2012).

Endringsorientering er det ikke mye behov for – vi er fornøyde med hvem vi er og hva vi får til. Hadde gruppen av miljøbevisste samfunnsborgere vært en avdeling i en større bedrift ville den antagelig raskt fått kallenavnet «Vaffelkompaniet» eller lignende, og blitt omtalt på samme måte som man snakker om godlynte fuglehunder: Tillitsfulle, lite tilbøyelige til å uttrykke aggresjon, alltid rede til å gjøre herren til lags for en liten godbit. Fuglehunder er forøvrig ikke kjent som den mest intelligente hunderasen, uten at jeg vil forfølge det temaet.

Er jeg motstander av klimakampen? Såvisst ikke, men veien til helvete er som kjent brolagt med gode intensjoner. Eventuelt pakket inn i plastfolie. Hvis forståelsen av framtidens miljøutfordringer begrenses til behovet for å sortere plast og matavfall i hver sin søppelboks, uten å se nærmere på ressursfordelingen i verden, så er kampen tapt på forhånd. Det hjelper lite å tilpasse seg omgivelsene på mikronivået dersom endringsviljen ikke gjenspeiles i en aksept av behovet for omfordeling på et høyere strukturelt nivå.

Dynamikken i en gruppe og mellom grupper oppstår i samspillet mellom ulike personer, og noen ganger er vi gjerne blinde for vårt eget bidrag til de små og store dramaene som utvikler seg. Det er en plastisitet i holdninger, oppfatninger og atferd både innen hvert individ og innen gruppen. Man må som kjent være to for å danse tango, så nei – de andre er ikke helvete. Men sammen kan vi lage helvete, og enkelte ganger er våre medmennesker lite annet enn en klamp om dansefoten.
Referanser
Forsyth, D.R. (2014). Group dynamics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning

Hackman, J.R. (2002). Imperatives for leaders (chapter 7). I Leading teams: Setting the stage for great performances. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.

Orwell, G. (1964). Kamerat Napoleon. Oslo: Pax Forlag

Yukl, G. (2012). Effective Leadership Behavior: What We Know and What Questions Need More Attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, November 1, 2012 vol. 26 no. 4, s. 66-85. doi 10.5465/amp.2012.0088

 


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