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Lekende lett – Speilvendt
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Lekende lett


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Om Freuds essay «Creative Writers and Daydreaming» fra 1908.

 

Tekst: Hanne Gotaas Fredum

Skjermbilde 2017-03-31 kl. 10.36.12

 

Forfatteren er som det lekende barnet, og kreativ skriving er som en forlengelse og erstatning av barndommens fantasier og oppfinnsomhet. Slik konkluderer Freud. Dristig, men for ham et første skritt på veien mot innsikt i forfatterens kilde til kreativ skriving – det vil si, innsikt i hvor innholdet stammer fra. Med essayet leter Freud etter noe som forfatterne har til felles, en generell kreativitetsfaktor, en slags Freuds k, som kan forklare hva som ligger bak den kreative skriveprosessen.

 

Tradisjonen tro starter han med et blikk på barndommen. Slik en kan forstå Freud, begynner den skapende og kreative forfatteren sitt kall allerede ved adskillelsen fra mors bryst, når tommeltotten får i oppgave å fylle tomrommet og dempe lengselen som følger adskillelsen. Lengselen driver oss til å finne andre løsninger og tenke nytt, men likeledes bruker vi elementer vi allerede kjenner til; vi omorganiserer dem og gir dem en ny lokalisasjon i tid, i rom, en ny funksjon og rolle i relasjon til andre objekter. Tommeltotten får, for et stakket øyeblikk, være mors bryst.

 

Før teksten følger veien videre inn i Freuds univers, er det på sin plass å foreta noen avklaringer: Med kreativ skriving menes det forfattere som selv skaper innholdet i sine fortellinger og historier. Med henvisning til materiale må det forstås som et fysisk produkt som kan gjøre inntrykk på en tilhører, en tilskuer eller, som i dette tilfellet, en leser. Det er produktet som beveger oss, ikke den kreative drivkraften per se, men likeså er det denne driven som forbløffer oss, som forblir et mysterium, og som er tema for Freud.

 

Dersom en spør forfatteren om hva driven består i, får en ikke et svar det er mulig å bygge videre på; og det vil minst av alt ikke gjøre tilhørerne til kreative vesener. Men selv om Freud later til å ha sublimert forfatteren, bærer essayet tidvis preg av at han forsøker å avkle kunstnermyten, som om han vil indusere bakkekontakt igjen. Han skriver: «[…] kreative forfattere liker selv å redusere avstanden mellom dem og vanlige folk; ofte forsikrer de oss om at ethvert menneske er sin egen poet innerst inne, og at poeten ikke vil forsvinne før det siste mennesket gjør det» (Freud, 1908; artikkelforfatters oversettelse). Det er som om driven er iboende, men må lokkes ut. Og det er her barnets lek kommer inn.

 

Det er visse likheter mellom barnets og forfatterens univers: På samme måte som forfatteren tar sitt yrke alvorlig, behandler barnet leken med aller høyeste grad av seriøsitet. For å parafrasere Freud, så er ikke lekens motpol alvorlighet, men virkelighet. På den måten blir det lekende barnet som forfatteren ved skrivebordet: Hun skaper sin egen verden gjennom å endre på aspekter og selvfølgeligheter ved denne verdenen, og som med plastilina, former hun den til noe nytt som behager henne. Alt med høyeste grad av alvorlighet.

 

Videre skriver Freud at kreativ skriving innebærer en form for tidsreiser, tidsreiser som manifesteres i sammenhengen mellom forfatterens kreative produkt og hennes liv. Tidsreisen utspiller seg på følgende måte: En hendelse i nåtiden vekker til live et minne fra fortiden. Dette minnet har som oftest rot i barndommens rike, og fra dette minnet springer det ut et ønske om å gjenoppleve tidligere behagelige erfaringer. Dette ønsket fungerer i sin tur som en katalysator for den kreative prosessen, som driver den kreative skrivingen inn i fremtiden.

 

På samme tid er ikke tidsreisen og kreativ skriving så langt fjernet fra dagdrømmen. I begge tilfeller kan forfatteren/drømmeren iaktta og styre scenen som utspiller seg, og gjennom selvobservasjon dele sitt ego inn i del-egoer. Del-egoene får representere ulike indre konflikter som spilles ut gjennom personifiseringen av dem. Både barnet, forfatteren og drømmeren kan på denne måten utfordre og prøve ulike aspekter ved seg selv, gjennom å leke, skrive og drømme. Personifiseringene er på en og samme tid fjernet fra og en del av virkeligheten, noe som muliggjør et viktig moment ved et hvert kreativt produkt: nytelse. Når den kreative prosessen i voksen alder er knyttet til dagdrømmen, kan forfatteren gjennom det kreative produktet røpe og nyte dagdrømmenes innhold uten skam. Det er som om merkelappen fiksjon fraskriver både forfatteren og leseren ansvar for egne følelser og opplevelser knyttet til det kreative innholdet. Formatet sørger for at dagdrømmenes forbudte innhold kan pirre og behage; men hadde innholdet vært virkelig, ville det ikke gitt opphav til nytelse, men til ubehag og potensielt vemmelse.

 

Tidsreisen – som starter i nåtiden, tar veien bakover til fortiden, for deretter å strekke seg skapende inn i fremtiden – kan synes å være verktøyet for den kreative prosessen. Mens kilden, om enn forankret i tidsreisen, er noe uklar, er leken det viktige utgangspunktet for kreativ skriving. Vi starter og slutter i barndommen, for Freud kommer ikke lenger. Den innledende konklusjonen fremstår som lekende lett, og fortsettelsen utilgjengelig. Men som Freud ubeskjedent skriver avslutningsvis: «[…] jeg heller mot å tro at denne måten å se på kreativ skriving, kan vise seg å ikke være ufruktbar» (Freud 1908; artikkelforfatters oversettelse og kursivering).

 

Og bedre kan en kanskje ikke få sagt det med dobbel nekting.
Hanne Gotaas Fredum går 4. semester psykologi profesjon ved UiO.

 

 

Referanser:

 

  • Freud, S. (1908). Creative Writers and Daydreaming. Lokalisert på: http://users.uoa.gr/~cdokou/FreudCreativeWriters.pdf

 


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