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Psykologtittel til forvirring – for hvem? – Speilvendt
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Psykologtittel til forvirring – for hvem?


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I høst snakket jeg med en jente i ungdomsskolealder. Hun fortalte meg at hun var veldig interessert i psykologi, og at det var noe hun kunne tenke seg å studere. «Så gøy! Det kan virkelig anbefales», svarte jeg. Hun forklarte videre at hun likevel var litt betenkt, ettersom hun ikke ville bli psykolog. Hun ønsket ikke å behandle pasienter. «Ikke noe problem», svarte jeg, og fortalte kort om studiet mitt, og om jobbmulighetene. Jeg forklarte at på samme måte som ansatte i Folkehelseinstituttet nå jobber med å utvikle tiltak for å bremse spredningen av koronaviruset, kan også de med min studiebakgrunn benyttes i forebyggende arbeid på samfunnsnivå. For eksempel hvordan man kan motarbeide rasisme, ungdomskriminalitet, helseskadelig atferd, og psykiske vansker hos barn og unge. Hun lyste entusiastisk opp. Det finnes så mye mer til psykologi enn terapi, men dessverre reflekteres ikke dette i dagens psykologtittel. 

Debatten om hvem som får bruke psykologtittelen har foregått lenge, og fagfeltet er splittet. På den ene siden står de som mener at psykologtittelen fortsatt burde være forbeholdt de med profesjonsutdanning. Profesjonsutdanningen er et seksårig studieløp som retter seg mot å utdanne kliniske terapeuter, både gjennom teori og klinisk praksis. Disse studentene blir det vi etter dagens ordning kjenner til som «psykologer». 

På andre siden står de som ønsker å åpne opp for at de som har en mastergrad i psykologi også kan benytte tittelen. Masterutdanningen er en toårig utdanning som bygger på en treårig bachelorgrad, slik at man til sammen har en femårig utdanning innen psykologi. Begge studieløpene gir studentene god kjennskap til generell psykologi og vitenskapelig metode, men der profesjonsstudentene spesialiserer seg i klinisk psykologi, er mastergraden rettet mot andre områder innen psykologien. Dette kan blant annet være arbeids- og organisasjonspsykologi, nevropsykologi, helsepsykologi, utviklingspsykologi, sosialpsykologi eller kultur- og samfunnspsykologi. 

Som masterstudent i psykologi, og kommende «jeg-har-mastergrad-i-psykologi», mener jeg at jeg burde kunne kalle meg psykolog etter fullført utdanning. Sånn som jeg kunne gjort i mange andre land. Sånn som de med andre mastergrader blir sosiologer, fysikere, filosofer, kjemikere og sosialantropologer. 

Å synliggjøre bredden i fagfeltet
Å utvide psykologtittelen vil kunne bidra til å synliggjøre mer av hva psykologi faktisk innebærer. Psykologi defineres gjerne som «studiet av atferd og mentale prosesser». I denne korte definisjonen ligger et fagfelt som er enormt stort, med mange ulike retninger og underdisipliner. Likevel er forestillingen om hva psykologi er såpass nært knyttet til det kliniske feltet, at det å si at man studerer psykologi umiddelbart medfører antakelser om at man skal drive terapi. Ordet «psykologi» har en tendens til å fremkalle andre ord, som navnet på diverse psykiatriske diagnoser, behandlinger, institusjoner og pasientgrupper. Jeg skal være forsiktig med å påstå, men jeg tror dette kan henge sammen med at psykologtittelen har vært forbeholdt klinikere. Det kan tenkes at det har bidratt til å skjule mye av det fagfeltet ellers har å by på. 

Vi vil også ivareta pasientsikkerheten
Hovedargumentet mot at de med masterutdanning skal få tilgang på psykologtittelen, er at pasientene må beskyttes. Det hevdes at en utvidelse av psykologtittelen vil kunne være forvirrende for de som søker psykologisk behandling. Pasientene må vite hvem de snakker med når de åpner sine innerste tanker i en sårbar fase av livet. Bærere av den beskyttede psykologtittelen er autorisert helsepersonell, og følgelig underlagt et lovverk som skal sørge for at pasientens behov ivaretas. Jeg er selvfølgelig helt enig i at pasientsikkerhet er viktig. Det jeg imidlertid er uenig i, er at masterutdannede med psykologtittel vil utgjøre noen trussel mot pasientgruppen. 

Pasientsikkerheten vil forbli upåvirket av en endring i psykologtittelen. Klinisk psykolog vil da bli den nye, beskyttede tittelen som indikerer profesjonsutdannelse og autorisasjon som helsepersonell. At yrkestitler tidvis byttes ut og endres, er ikke uvanlig. På årets kvinnedag erklærte kultur- og likestillingsminister Abid Raja at alle yrkestitler som ikke er kjønnsnøytrale skal endres. Flere av disse endringene har vi klart å omstille oss allerede. Sykesøster har blitt sykepleier, og helsesykepleier har nylig erstattet helsesøster. Jeg tror de fleste med litt tid også vil klare å tilpasse seg endringene i psykologtittelen. 

At yrkestitler tidvis byttes ut og endres, er ikke uvanlig.

Ønske om tittel betyr ikke ønske om å drive terapi
I mellomtiden skal selvsagt ikke nytitulerte, masterutdannede psykologer utgi seg for å være psykologer i klinisk forstand. Dersom vi hadde benyttet psykologtittelen for terapeutisk virksomhet, ville det vært både forvirrende og uforsvarlig. Vi har ikke kompetanse til å bedrive denne type behandling, og vi har heller ingen interesse av det. Ved flere anledninger har jeg fått inntrykket av at ikke-profesjonsrettede psykologistudier anses som «trøstepremier» – det mindre attraktive andrevalget for de som ikke kom inn på profesjonsutdanningen. Basert på samtaler jeg har hatt med mine medstudenter, tør jeg å påstå at dette som regel ikke er tilfelle. Det er ikke slik at vi helst skulle vært profesjonsstudenter, men tok til takke med det nest beste. De fleste som har valgt å ta en master i psykologi, har gjort dette nettopp fordi mastergraden er rettet mot andre områder enn det profesjonsutdanningen er. Vi vil ikke drive terapi. 

Dersom en forvirret pasient mot formodning skulle kontaktet meg med ønske om samtaleterapi, ville jeg selvfølgelig hjulpet vedkommende med å finne en psykolog med klinisk bakgrunn. Det kan jeg nesten garantere at alle mine medstudenter også ville gjort. Hvis målet hadde vært å gi inntrykk av klinisk kompetanse på utilstrekkelig grunnlag, ville psykoterapeut-tittelen, som ikke stiller noen krav til utdanning, vært et betydelig mer effektivt middel.

Jeg er uenig i motpartens tilsynelatende eneste argument mot at de med mastergrad skal få tilgang på psykologtittelen; at det vil kunne medføre forvirring. Tvert imot vil jeg hevde at det er mer forvirring som følge av dagens ordning. Ansiktsuttrykkene til samtalepartnere når jeg forteller at jeg studerer psykologi, men at jeg verken blir psykolog eller terapeut, vitner om det. Jeg bare krysser fingrene for at potensielle arbeidsgivere ikke har det samme uttrykket når de kaster et raskt blikk på CV-en min. 


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