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Taklingsevner – Speilvendt
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Taklingsevner


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Tekst: Hans Altmann
Illustrasjon: Emilie Sandell

Det har nylig blitt brakt til min oppmerksomhet at det ikke finnes et godt norsk ord/begrep for det engelske «Coping Mechanism». Jeg har derfor besluttet, gjennom detaljerte diskurser med fagkyndige, å gi fullstendig beng i deres faglige begrunnelser og grublerier og heller finne på min egen oversettelse, nemlig “Taklingsevner”™. Klager bes henvendt til språkrådet og godtgjørelser for bruk av ordet kan sendes til meg per post. 

Det er urovekkende hvor lite oppmerksomhet det blir gitt taklingsevner, tatt i betraktning hvor stor del av livet vårt de utgjør. Hver gang det grå, intetsigende spørsmålet «hva betyr det å være voksen?» smyger seg inn i en samtale på filtkledde føtter, og med voldsom kraft kantrer og overtar den, oppmuntrer til vold og oppstandelse, for så å forsvinne igjen like lydløst som det kom, uten at man kommer i nærheten av noen kjerne, konsensus, enighet eller forståelse av spørsmålet. Det legger igjen intetsigende klumper av betegnelser og karakteristika som «ansvarlighet», «uavhengighet», og «fornuft» på bordet mellom dere der dere sitter, klumper som alle ønsker å ha på en armlengdes avstand. Klumper som egentlig ikke betyr noe, men som i seg selv ber på sine knær etter nye spørsmål: «Hva er uavhengighet?» «Hva er fornuft?» 

Svaret på dette misfosteret av et spørsmål blir alltid antatt å ligge internt hos den voksne – altså at det er noe innbyrdes det voksne som gjør det til noe voksent. Dette fører, som mange av oss har erfart, aldri noen vei. Jeg foreslår at vi heller retter blikket mot det eksterne – mot eventuelle fellestrekk i de omstendigheter og hendelser som kjennetegner et voksent liv. På de faktorer som den voksne tilværelse preges av. Etter en kort og lat undersøkelse, har jeg selv konkludert med at fellesnevneren for hva som kjennetegner en voksen tilværelse, er at livet suger. Kort og godt. 

For å underbygge dette åtsel av en påstand har jeg tenkt å vise til to tekster som begge  handler om hvordan vi innretter oss etter det faktum at livet suge. I tillegg vil jeg vise til en morsom youtube video om en gorilla som på en passiv-aggressiv måte prøver å jage vekk sitt eget speilbilde. Bøkene er forøvrig «On drinking» av Charles Bukowski, og «Child of God» av Cormac McCarthy. 

Alkohol, kjappe svinger og baluba. 
Charles Bukowski er viden kjent som tapernes poet, en rennesteins-sjel og høyverdig slabbedask. I tillegg drakk han som en alke. Han deler fellestrekk med andre drankere, her spesielt nevnt forfatter-drankere som Norman Mailer, Hunter S. Thompson og Hemingway, i den grad at han sikter til at det er en kausal sammenheng mellom taklingsevnen (altså drekking) og en ekstern faktor. Altså drikker man fordi man kognitivt har resonnert seg frem til at fordelene ved å drikke er større enn ulempene det medfører. Han sier følgende i «An interview with Charles Bukowski» som en respons på et spørsmål om sitt forhold til kvinner og alkohol: «I don’t think I could’ve endured any of the shitty jobs i had in so many cities in this country without knowing I could come back to my room and drink it off and smooth it out, let the walls slant in, the face of the subnormal foreman vanish, always knowing that they were buying my time, my body, me, for a few pennies while they prospered.» (Abel Debritto, 2019, s. 238). Han fortsetter: «Then too, I could’ve never lived with some of those women unless they were transferred by drink into half-dreams, which wavered before me» (Abel Debritto, s. 238). Men han har selvinnsikt nok til å peke på en viktig detalj i følgende utdrag fra «Tough Love» om alkohol: «I don’t think drink destroy writers. I think they are destroyed by self-satisfaction, the goddamned ego.»(Abel Debritto, s. 180). 

Her sier han altså  at drankere (les: alle som drikker) drikker fordi de vil. Det foreligger en tydelig intensjon, et oppriktig ønske om det. Tilsynelatende en ubetydelig distinksjon. Det er jo en vanlig oppfatning at man drikker fordi jobben er kjip, dama/typen slo opp, eller fordi man kjeder seg. Handlingsrekka blir da slik: Ekstern faktor -> taklingsevne -> ekstern faktor forsert. Men ved å fremheve at man drikker fordi man vil, så utvides denne rekka til følgende: Ekstern faktor -> ubehag -> taklingsevne -> ekstern faktor forsert. Ved å peke på at drikkinga stammer fra et begjær, så blir det tydeligere at man ikke drikker av rasjonell overbevisning, men av et emosjonelt drevet behov. Drikkinga er ikke lenger en kognitiv respons på en ekstern faktor, eller en rasjonelt drevet handling hvor man har veid fordeler og ulemper opp mot hverandre, men en emosjonell respons drevet av et eneste ønske om at ubehaget som den eksterne faktoren medfører skal kveles for enhver pris. Hvorfor er dette en viktig distinksjon? 

For det første blir drikking på denne måten redusert til hva det faktisk er: en taklingsevne. Altså en primal respons på et ubehag eller smerte som man lik et dyr søker å unngå for enhver pris, i motsetning til slik det ofte portretteres i media, der den ensomme helten må drikke for å holde demonene borte for å kunne gjøre jobben sin (se f.eks. ethvert Noir drama noensinne utgitt) eller av valgt livsfilosofi (eks: Cole Rust fra True Detective, eller Rick fra Rick&Morty). For det andre blir det mulig å sidestille denne taklingsevnen med en annen taklingsevne, nemlig passiv-aggressivitet. 

Aper, speil og avmakt
En fuktig kveld befant jeg meg på den mørke siden av Youtube. Her  slumpet jeg inn på en serie videoer hvor man har filmet ville dyr i møtet med et speil i en jungel. En sølvrygg støter på nevnte speil, og i frykt for at den nyankomne gjesten skal stjele hans hardt ervervede harem av damer, forsøker han å skremme bort slasken ved å dundre hardt i bakken med håndflatene og styrte mot speilet for så å skjene unna (Xavier Hubert-Brierre, 2015, 0:00-03:15). Han  søker aldri blikkontakt med speilbildet. Hvorfor nevner jeg dette? 

Gorillaens to motstridende ønsker, nemlig å virke truende ved å være fysisk voldsom, og å hindre en fysisk konfrontasjon ved å unngå blikkontakt, minner veldig om passiv-aggressiv holdning hos oss mennesker. Vi studenter i hvert fall må ofte samhandle og arbeide med andre mennesker, og mange av oss tyr fra tid til annen (noen av oss ofte) til passiv-aggressivitet for å motvirke ubehaget fra sosiale utfordringer vi møter i f.eks. gruppearbeid, prosjekter og lignende. En måte å forstå passiv-aggressivitet på er som en respons på avmakt. Et eller annet har skjedd (en ekstern faktor) med deg, ofte påført av en autoritet i fysisk, sosial eller lignende forstand, som du ikke klarer å kontrollere/stoppe grunnet manglende evner/ressurser/fysikk. Dette resulterer i en reaksjon i form av avmakt som vekker vonde følelser (et ubehag) hos den enkelte. For å redusere ubehaget ved tap av autonomi, så er den nødvendige handlingen en aggressiv respons. Men fordi vi er sosiale dyr, og ikke ønsker å bryte opp eller ødelegge de sosiale relasjonene innad i gruppen og risikere utstøtelse, er alternativet en kombinasjon av aksept av autonomi-tapet, samt en indirekte uttrykk av misnøye (taklingsevne). Slik kan situasjonen, så lenge passiv-aggressiviteten ikke blir overdreven, løses på en funksjonell måte (ekstern faktor forsert). Denne handlingsrekken kan overføres til mange aspekter ved dagliglivet til en voksen person, som neglebiting, overdreven bruk av smarttelefon/PC/internett, kaffedrikking, økonomisk overforbruk, tobakksmisbruk (*host* snus *host*), gambling til mer bisarre taklingsevner som nekrofili. 

Nekrofili i appalachene, Sosial frykt og Jeffrey Dahmer. 
Før jeg gir meg vil jeg gjerne si noe om nekrofili som taklingsevne slik den fremstår i Cormac McCarthys beskrivelse av en sosialt utstøtt manns kontinuerlige fordervelse i boken «“Child of God»”. 

I «Child of god» transformeres Lester Ballard fra å være en bygde-særing til å gå fullstendig Ed Gein på beboerne i et navneløst bygdesamfunn i appalachene øst i Tennessee. Her begår han mord, likskjending, samt kreativt gjenbruk av menneskeskalper og hud. Gjennom vitnesbeskrivelser, polysyndethon-fylte skildringer av hans interaksjon med befolkningen og kreativ bruk av det engelske vokabular – som skildrer en stadig døende natur som går fra vår til vinter – gir McCarthy oss et perspektiv på nekrofili som taklingsevne, hvor Lesters dypere pervertering går fra noe menneskelig til sjelelig mørke. I følgende artikkel i «Psychology Today» står det: «The need for an unrejecting partner is universal for most humans who desire an intimate relationship with another living human, as is the need to feel accepted. And so with necrophilia, it would be worth assessing all of the qualities people look for in a living person (using dating websites, and the ample pop psychology outlets), and seeing if those needs could be met with a deceased partner» (Pemment, 2018). Lester blir jagd fra sin egen eiendom etter et fengselsopphold og skys av befolkningen som ikke tar fem øre for å minne han på at hans eksistens er uønsket. Alle har et behov for menneskelig kontakt og intimitet, men hvordan skal dette forenes med behovet for å holde mennesker på avstand, siden de bare forårsaker et ubehag? 

Begjæret etter intimitet og begjæret etter sikkerhet vitner om et utilfredsstilt behov hvis løsning her ligger i å ha sex med et menneske som må være dødt, slik at det ikke kan skade han tilbake. Her blir Lester nekrofili en taklingsevne for å forsere et ubehag forårsaket av en ekstern faktor. Artikkelen fortsetter: «A dead partner is not judgmental, there is no fear of needing to produce a reciprocal orgasm during sex, they cannot emotionally hurt anyone, they can be trusted, they do not answer back, there is no concern about offspring, and they can meet what is only a temporary need for sexual intimacy. The necrophiliac also has the luxury of creating, imagining, or fantasizing the corpse to be anything they want it to be». I boka kommer dette til syne gjennom Ballards påkledning og avkledning av likene, samt hans behov for å se på dem gjennom et vindu, og slik nøre opp under fantasien om at de faktisk er mennesker. Sex-dokker ville ikke kunne fylt den samme funksjonen. 

På godt og vondt er taklingsevner en substansiell del av det å være voksen. Å finne strategier og mekanismer som kan hjelpe oss med å takle stresset som det å være i live medfører; å være et uavhengig individ er kanskje et av de attributene man kan kalle for universelle for alle voksne (i alle fall i vestlig kultur). Noen taklingsevner er definitivt mer destruktive enn andre, og jeg har ikke forsøkt å sidestille alle taklingsevner med hverandre som om de er helt like eller like gode. Ei heller vil jeg påstå  at de perspektivene jeg har fremmet her er eneste måten å forstå nekrofili, alkoholmisbruk eller passiv-aggressivitet på. Jeg har snarere forsøkt å finne et forslag til en universell karakteristika for det man kan kalle for «the adult condition» for å videre kunne danne et fundament for å diskutere hva det vil si å være en voksen person, uten å måtte ty til dogmatiske og intetsigende dyder som «ansvarlighet» eller «uavhengighet» som ikke fører noen steder. Men det får være en tekst til en annen gang.       

Hans Altmann går 4. semester på Bibliotek- og informasjonvitenskapsstudiet ved OsloMet

Litteraturliste: 
Abel Debritto (Red.). 2019. Charles Bukowski on drinking. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. 

Cormac McCarthy. (1973). Child of God (2010 Picador edition). London: Picador.  

Jack Pemment. (2019, 30. Januar). The building blocks of necrophilia. Psychology Today. Hentet fra https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/blame-the-amygdala/201901/the-building-blocks-necrophilia

Xavier Hubert-Brierre. [Xavier HUBERT-BRIERRE]. (4. Januar 2015). This Silverback thinks this intruder in the mirror (his own reflection) comes to steal his wives [Videoklipp]. Hentet fra: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tz0avWZoqjg&t=86s


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